Assessment of effective critical analysis of PR and RM to successful promotion of an international event

Assessment of effective critical analysis of PR and RM to successful promotion of an international event Public relations can be defined as a management function which establishes and maintains mutually beneficial relationships between an organization and the general public on whom its success or failure depends (Egan Jefkins, 2004). Public relation has gone beyond the normal activity of communication. It now encompasses other activities that are aimed at improving the relationship of the organization and its clients (Egan Jefkins, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Assessment of effective critical analysis of PR and RM to successful promotion of an international event specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, relationship marketing encompasses the act of business creating a mutually beneficial exchange with its partners (Egan Jefkins, 2004). This aims at creating customer loyalty and interaction with the organization. This is achieved through delivering of customer information on needs under an open co mmunication (Breakenridge, 2008). In this study, we look at the impacts of public relations transformations towards the changing society, the literature review behind the public relation and relationship supporting theories. Lastly, we assess the importance of public relations and relationship management on a particular organization, Winbeldon championship, and how it has helped it in its various relations with the members of the general public. The world has undergone various technological changes over the last few decades (Center Jackson, 2003). This has resulted in changes to the society and the economy at large for various countries. One of the major revolutions in the technological change is in the introduction of computer based programs (Chaffey Smith, 2008). The information revolution has led to changes in the way of doing business which in turn affects the public relations (Center Jackson, 2003). The computers have made it easy to write, edit information, and send message s (Chaffey Smith, 2008). There is also instant receiving of feedback from the respondent. Most services have also been transferred online such as bank services, library among others (Chaffey Smith, 2008). The telephone industries with the help of computers have also come up with teleconferencing where people can meet and discuss various issues online. Through it, business can be able to reach out to clients and obtain information about their products. Apart from changing the structure of conducting business, there are also new opportunities that have come up as a due to changes in the information (Egan Jefkins, 2004). These include opportunities such as upgraded research capabilities and electronic media, which helps in reaching out to stakeholders (Curtin Gaither, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More PR experts can now send messages to specific audiences in various locations, job group categories, education levels among other. It is also possible to get instant feedback from the person receiving the message (Curtin Gaither, 2007). Lastly, practitioners have an improved chance of assessing the effectiveness of the PR campaigns (Curtin Gaither, 2007). Public relations have borrowed a lot from other fields such as psychology, law, communication among others (Breakenridge, 2008). Many of the theories that try to explain various aspects in PR are borrowed from these fields. One of the theories of PR is the rhetorical approach (Breakenridge, 2008). The theory helps in defining the rhetorical dialogue that arrives at conclusions and influence actions in two ways. In this approach, people could exchange statements between groups about various products, services, public policies among others which help in determining each groups view on values, realities and choices (Duhà ©, 2007). When there is an eruption of disagreement, clients and PR ex perts help in adopting a persuasive discourse (Duhà ©, 2007). One area that rhetorical theory and asymmetrical theory come into an agreement is on the playing ground. This is because they both suggest that it should be level in a moral practice. According to Health (2006), each public policy should be allowed to stand on its own merit in the market place. This statement falls in the asymmetrical view of public relations. However, critics on the theory of rhetorical approach say that it does not make public reactions appear more moral unless the people who are involved are equally resourced (Health, 2006). Another approach to public relations and relationship management is developed by Ledingham and Bruning (Center Jackson, 2003). They edited a book in the year 2000, which aimed at giving an approach to public relation. It helps in providing a better meaning of public relations in an organizational structure together with the society (Hung, 2009). This approach provides the dimensi ons of organizational sponsoring and the public. This includes commitment, cooperation, credibility, openness, asymmetry among others. Under this model, it is the role of professional in public relation to outline the elements they mean when they are referring to a relationship in each project (Hung, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Assessment of effective critical analysis of PR and RM to successful promotion of an international event specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since aspects of relationship are not symmetrical, it is hard to compare it with other theories such as the one above. From the author’s point of view, relationship management approach is more of instrumental procedure rather than an approach (Hung, 2009). It can also be described as an aspect of â€Å"goodwill† in public relations. Thus, in this description it is able to cover many relationship dimensions as indicated above althoug h not all of them may be categorized as symmetrical (Health, 2006). A Wimbledon championship is an international sporting event that attracts a lot of interest from the public (Grunig, 2006). It has a rich history dating back to the year 1877. It has continuously improved in regard to changes in the information world. Its first stage was in All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet club in the year 1868 in Wimbledon (Grunig, 2006). The participant of the event had been drawn from the first year tournament of England. It attracted many crowds within the region until the year 1905 when it moved to international. May Sutton from the United States of America was the first champion in the ladies singles after moving international (Grunig, 2006). It continued to attract many crowds all over the world every year except for the period of World War II to the year 1949 when it was not held. It started again after reconstruction of Europe was complete from the destructions of the war. Despite having significant developments in the air travel in the 1950s, many people from overseas could not attend since the championship was not open to overseas participants. It lasted so until the year 1967 when it players from all categories admitted for its reopening. Since then, many changes have been made to give room for development in the organization and improvement of facilities (Barnett, 2008). Long term plans for improvement of All England Lawn Tennis club were started in the year 1993 since it the club that hosts the championship (Grunig, 2006). This plan aimed at building a broadcasting center and increasing the court grass to two. This was achieved in the year 1997. The second stage of the plan involved dismantling the first court in order to build a new building for press, players, officials and the members (Grunig, 2006). It also aimed at increasing the sitting capacity by 768 seats. The third stage involved constructing a housing club for staff, bank, ticket area, museums and a lso increasing the sitting capacity (Grunig, 2006). This was accomplished in the year 2011, and was crowned with the year 2011 championships. The internal stakeholders of the Wimbledon championships include All England Lawn Tennis Club, club members, volunteers and representatives from the press, club staff and the committee of management (Watson Noble, 2007). The external stakeholders include International Tennis Federation, players, officials, suppliers, community, The Lawn Tennis Association, transport providers and Wimbledon local authorities among others (Watson Noble, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the analysis of the internal stakeholders PR strategies, one strategy is the goal and strategy alignment for public strategies (Sweetser Metzgar). This is aimed at those working in the planning and preparations of the championships to clearly define their goals together with those of the organization. This will help in setting priorities and keeping them at sight every time. A professional development strategy was developed for three professional development programs. These include the staff, management committee and participants in the preparation of the championship (Sweetser Metzgar). These were aimed at keeping them focused on their roles and are able to make developments in their fields. One program is online through the website while others are off line. The employee rounding is a crucial management tool that is emphasized for implementation in all departments. Managers interact with each employee, volunteer, representative among other stakeholders in their daily duties o r during informal meetings with small groups (Botan Taylor, 2004). This help in strengthening the relationship between employees and managers as new ideas are easily exchanged in a friendly environment. The other strategy is about recognition and appreciation (Sweetser Metzgar). This involves giving attention to the employees’ ideas and suggestions and possibly going further to implementing them (Duhà ©, 2007). It also covers the part of appreciating employees for their exemplary work through various ways of recognising performance. Lastly on internal analysis is the work balance which Wimbledon championship uses in communicating to its staff (Sweetser Metzgar). This is achieved by developing a flexible schedule with time offs during workdays. During this time, employees have an opportunity to participate in charity events, volunteering or exercises. In the analysis of the external stakeholders and RM strategies, a corporate website has been developed that links Wimbledon championships to the general public (Sweetser Metzgar). Important messages and information are posted on the website. These include items such as tournament schedules, results, items available in the museum among others (Botan Taylor, 2004). Members and the general public can also post their comments, suggestions and also questions which they may be having about the championship and the public relations team can easily respond to them (Barnett, 2008). Another strategy is the media room control. This is controlled by the public relations function that is linked to the website and it helps in posting relevant information for the public to know (Botan Taylor, 2004). The public relations function is updated regularly and carries the same message with the corporate website. A blog spot has also been used in monitoring the relevant weblogs (Botan Taylor, 2004). The other strategy used by Wimbledon championship is press releases (Sweetser Metzgar). They have been used in communicatin g with various stakeholders. The press is involved in preparation of the different events for the championships and thus releases firsthand information to the public (Botan Taylor, 2004). Also, the events are covered by media houses from all over the world because they attract competitors from all over the world. In the year 2011, championships, the public relation was given a boost. Before the beginning of the tournament, a documentary was first shown which was divided into four parts (Roper, 2005). The first part was about the history of the Wimbledon championships, the achievements it has gained and the anticipated future of the championships. Lastly, public relations also use the social awareness that is done through community service activities and support (Roper, 2005). The championships together with All England Lawn Tennis club are involved in donations and charitable contributions towards the welfare of local communities (Roper, 2005). This has been done in areas such as M erton and Wandsworth. If proceedings from the tournament are excess, they are transferred to the Tennis Association of the country to help in developing the sport. The All England Lawn Tennis club also launched another tournament for championship called Wimbledon Junior Tennis initiative (Gregory, 2000). This was launched in the year 2011 through a program called ‘The road to Wimbledon’. It also launched the Museum education program in the same year together with the department of education (Gregory, 2000). This was aimed at educating the primary and secondary level students undertaking leisure and physical education courses. In conclusion, public relation has improved in the recent past in accordance to the changing information world. Through its changes, it has enabled the Wimbledon championship to grow from just a single country organization to a global organization. This was empowered by the ability to reach people from all over the world and attract large crowds. R elationship management has also improved through a great deal in the recent past. This has helped many organizations to have healthy relationships with their clients. In case of Wimbledon championships, it has assisted in its development through intensive communication of the organizers and the general public, press, supporters, volunteers among others. Thus, public relations and relationship management will continue to undergo transformations in a way to keep up with the fast growing information world. Reference List Barnett, J. (2008). Developing a PR Strategy. Terena Secretariat: London. Botan, C., H. Taylor, M. 2004. ‘Public Relations: State of the Field’, Journal of Communication.Vol 54 No. 4. Pp 645-661. Breakenridge, D. 2008. PR 2.0: New Media, New Tools, New Audiences. Pearson Education, Inc: New York. Center, A., H., Jackson, P. 2003. Public Relations Practices: Managerial case studies and Problems. Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River. Chaffey, D. Smith, P. 20 08. eMarketing eXcellence, planning and optimising your digital Marketing. Elsevier: Salt Lake. Curtin, P A., Gaither, T. K. 2007. International Public Relations: negotiating culture, identity, and power, Thousand Oaks. SAGE Publications: California. Duhà ©, S., C. 2007. New Media and Public Relations. Peter Lang: New York. Egan, B., P, Jefkins, F. 2004. Public Relations Contemporary Issues and Techniques. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann: Oxford. Gregory, A. 2000. Planning and Managing Public Relations Campaign. Kogan Page: London. Grunig, J., E. 2006. ‘Furnishing the Edifice: Ongoing Research on Public Relations as a Strategic Management Function’, Journal of Public Relations Research. Vol 18 No. 2. Pp 151-176. Health, R., L. 2006. ‘Onward Into More Fog: Thoughts on Public Relations Research Directions’, Journal of Public Relations Research. Vol 18 No 2. Pp 93-114. Hung, C., F. 2009. ‘Exploring Types of Organization–Public Relationships and T heir Implications for Relationship Management in Public Relations’, Journal of Public Relations Research. Vol 17 No. 4. Pp 393-426. Roper, J. 2005. ‘Symmetrical Communication: Excellent Public Relations or a Strategy for Hegemony’? Journal of Public Relations Research. Vol 17 No. 1. Pp69-86. Sweetser, K., D. Metzgar, E. 2007. ‘Communicating during crisis: Use of blogs as a relationship management tool’, Public Relations Review. Vol 33 No. 3. Pp 340-342. Watson, T. Noble, P. 2007. Evaluating Public Relations: A Best Practice Guide to Public Relations Planning, Research and Evaluation. Kogan Page Publishers: New York.

Negligence in medical malpractice based in medical law Research Paper

Negligence in medical malpractice based in medical law - Research Paper Example In the worst instance, a hospital error causes death of a patient, bringing about grief and financial strain on the deceased’s relatives (Andrew Grubb 445). A wrongful-death lawsuit can be filed to demand damages for lost wages and suffering or pain. Examples of hospital errors that could result in medical malpractice include: - Birth injuries: Improper labor services resulting injury to a baby, at times leading to complications such as Erb’s palsy or cerebral palsy. - Prescription errors: This may be over or under medication, or administration of the wrong drug. - Improper diagnoses: A patient may be treated for an illness he or she is not suffering from or a disease remains untreated because of the doctor’s failure to recognize a intimidating condition. - Surgical errors: Negligence may lead to infections or surgery on the incorrect body part or even the wrong patient. Medical malpractice law lies under personal injury law subset and its practice frequently overlaps with litigation law. This area of practice deals with legal claims on medical care specialists when the care they offer or the lack thereof, cause injury, damage, harm and/or death of the patient. The laws guiding medical malpractice varies from one state to another. These highly regulated procedures explain many aspects of the practice process, including the following: - If notice of the malpractice assertion have to be given to the medical professional before filing; - If the claim must be handed to a malpractice review board before being filed in court; How speedily a medical malpractice claim should be filed; Determining the essential qualifications for a professional medical witness, for the reasons of testifying; and Establishing statutory caps on compensations that may be awarded to the plaintiff. Although medical negligence is normally attributed to the medical professionals responsible for patients’ diagnosis, medical care / medical treatment, medical corporations, managed care organizations, clinics and hospitals may as well be sued for their employees’ actions (Stauch 66). As with every personal injury claim, proof of negligence is vital. The tort of negligence comprises of 4 elements which must be all proven to attain this verdict. The 4 elements include: (i) There was a duty of medical care owed; (ii) The medical care professional desecrated the standard of care obliged, which demonstrated negligence; (iii) This negligenc e by the medical professional caused the injury /harm; and (iv) There were compensable damages directly resulted from the injury/harm suffered . Since there is a patient - doctor relationship, the first element is usually already established in these kinds of claims. For the 2nd element, if there is no an obvious and glaring blunder, expert witness testimony is commonly implemented to prove the negligent behavior or actions. The complainants are the party passing the action and they bear the burden of attesting these elements in their claims against the medical care giver, the defendant (Smith). Medical malpractice claims are the subject of extreme controversy. Healthcare professionals and medical care businesses have encouraged legal reforms meant to eradicate big money awards for health damages, claiming that defending a case against the various lawsuits and the exorbitant compensations have resulted in a costly healthcare costs. In some states, this aggressive advocacy for these measures has resulted to

The Lab report to study the impact of Specific drug on Hamsters Research Proposal

The Lab report to study the impact of Specific drug on Hamsters - Research Proposal Example The study observes the hypothesis, where the specific drug has impact on the hamsters. To formulate the hypothesis, the study has done an extensive literature review on hamsters and their vulnerability towards drugs. And the study assumes that there are several instances where different drug levels altered the metabolic and activity levels of hamsters. But to prove the hypothesis, the study conducts a lab experiment, to collect first hand direct information by treating the hamsters with specific drug. In order to find out the impact of the drug on the activity level of hamster, the current research proposes to conduct a quantitative study. The approach to conduct the quantitative research is adopting a lab experiment on the hamsters. Quantitative research is used to investigate research questions by producing numerical output of data which are quantifiable to interpret the results. The research is a conformity rather than exploratory because earlier research evidence is available on the impact of drugs on the hamsters. Because the research scope does not allow the qualitative methodology to directly measure the impact of drug on hamsters leaving the possibility for Quantitative method. Lab experimental method is conducting the study in which the investigator has little bias in deriving the out put. The output is the result of direct outcome from the involvement of subjects and variables. By allowing the collection of primary data, the method reduces the subjectivity of the researc her by limiting the direct influence in the outcome. The primary data collection also provides metrics to derive the cause and impact mechanism through step wise reactions that can be observed during the experiment. Here the sample population of subjects is taken as Hamsters. And the independent variable is the specific drug. The Lab experiment gives the opportunity to collect the primary data and hence care is taken to collect the data by proper design and setup and errors can be avoided by repetitive measurements. The sample hamsters are taken from male species and are of the age of 1 year old to maintain homogeneity of the sample. In order to prove the study for originality and reliability the sample number of population is considered for 5 in number and the specific drug is taken which has proven and direct and quick reaction on animals to conduct the experiment. The instrumentation used to conduct the lab experiment are, Specific drug, food to mix the drug, a feeding bowl, timer to record the activity and sleep levels of hamsters and timesheets to note the timings of activity levels of hamsters. Experiment Procedure: The hamsters will be fed with the food mixed with specific drug at certain dosage levels and are observed for the time of activity levels after eating the food. The feeding time and the time for which the hamsters are awake will be noted down. Any symptoms of the abnormal behavior like vomiting or rashes or redness or dumbness will also be noted down during the time. Then the sleeping time and wakening times of hamsters will also be noted down. In order to have a clear comparison, such timings will be observed continuously for a week before without administering the drug. This is considered as pre testament observation or the specific drug and the hamsters will be

War on Terrorism and the Effect on Muslim Americans Essay Example for Free

War on Terrorism and the Effect on Muslim Americans Essay The American led war on terrorism has brought numerous concerns among human rights activists across the globe. This is because the war has been perceived as a tool for victimizing and discriminating individuals of the Islamic religion and nationality. Such have been closely attributed to the fact that the American nation blames Al-Qaeda and other Islamic terrorist groups of responsibility in many terror attacks in the world. Due to this reason, members of the Muslim American community are living in constant fear of discrimination, racial profiling and harassment by law enforcement since the September 11th 2001 terrorist attacks on the Twin Towers (Elaasar 93). In addition, increased publicity of organized crime group affiliated to the Islamic religion being involved in terrorism has evident discriminative attitude of Muslim Americans by other members of the society. This attitude is worsened by the provisions of the Patriotic Act of 2001 giving the government more power to identify and mitigate terrorism, most of which contradict the constitutional provisions on civil rights in America (Elaasar 93). This has denied Muslim Americans their rights to freedom of movement, privacy and free association. Despite the fact that the American government owes its citizens a duty to security against the disastrous social and economic effects of terrorism, such should not be taken as an excuse for victimizing members of the community simply due to their religion and nationality of origin. This paper identifies and discusses the effects brought by the war on terrorism to members of the Muslim American community. War on terrorism War on terrorism is a concerted effort by nations led by the United States to identify and eliminate members of organized crime groups which are engaged in executing terrorist activities across the globe (Sides and Gross). Although terrorism has for long been a major threat to security in countries particularly the US, the new struggle to combat was triggered by the bloody terrorist attack of the New York-based World Trade Center on September 11th 2001. True from available literature, the war on terrorism involves almost all aspects of sustainable social, security, political, and economic development strategies (Sides and Gross). Such are evident from the American led invasion in both Iraq and Afghanistan which witnessed the overthrowing of leaderships purported to promoting terrorist activities. On the other hand, numerous intelligence efforts have been engaged by respective law enforcement agents across the globe to identify terrorist group cycles and eliminate them. This also serves in enhancing the process of detecting, possible terrorism threats, target, and time of a planed attack to ensure adequate preparedness of the force in preventing and responding to such incidences. In addition, corporation among governments on the fight against terrorism has been on the increase. This has been closely attributed to the fact that terrorism threats are increasingly spreading to unexpected regions. As an emphasis to this claim, numerous attacks have been perpetuated by terrorists groups against their own members. Available information linking terrorist activities to Muslims claim of declaration of western civilization as the number one enemy to the Muslim community by Osama led Al-Qaeda terrorist group. thus, the numerous reported incidences of terrorist attacks in Muslim dominated nations is an indicator of the changing approach of terrorist, thus making every nation potentially vulnerable to terrorist attacks (Sides and Gross). On the other hand, the war on terrorism has taken a new approach as terrorist groups shifts attacks to cyber terrorism. This is one of the mainly purpose of the 2001 Patriotic Act which allows for increased government surveillance over the internet to help identify terror suspects executing crime activities online. The war on terrorism also covers the economic dimensions of the groups across the global society (Maira, and Jamal 12). Just to appreciate is the fact that executing a terrorist attack is highly involving financially. On the other side, available information from intelligence agencies has established that most individuals engaged in implementing terrorist attacks are funded by sponsors of terrorist groups. This has the implication that mitigating free flow of financial support to terrorism group serves an instrumental role in compromising their capacity to threaten security in the security. It is due to this reason why the American government has put in place checks and balances for qualifying the authenticity of transferring huge amount of money to individual (s) across the border. In addition, criminal activities like money laundering are perceived as a potential factor to the success of terrorist groups in the globe. Moreover, reports from the FBI has indicated a close link between organized crime groups in the nation and potential collaboration with terrorist groups to execute terrorists attacks in the US (Maira, and Jamal 27). This report claims that currently the American nation has an estimated over 31,000 organized crime groups spread across its numerous states. It is due to this reason why the American government is strongly involving its resource on the war on drug cartels and other violent organized crime groups. ? Effects of War on Terrorism on Muslim Americans The war on terrorism has many negative implications on the social and economic sustainability of the Muslim American community members. True to the letter, it is no doubt clear that terrorism activities in the western world are closely associated with members of Islamic religion or nationality of origin (Elaasar 20). This can be evident from historical claims which shown a longstanding conflict between Christianity and its western civilization and the Arabic world civilization. This is further complicated by the fact that all major terrorist attacks which have occurred in the world find claims of perpetuation by Islamic oriented terrorist groups. Muslim Americans have become victims of denied constitutional rights following the intensification of the war on terrorism since late 2001. According to available information, law enforcement agents have been granted legal authority to conduct unwarranted search and seizure on based on reasonable suspicion under the anti-terrorist war platform (Malkin 67). It is worthy noting that due to racial profiling by the law enforcement, most victims of terrorism suspicion are from the Islamic community. This has the indication that the war on terrorism has compromised the ability of the Muslim American community members to enjoy their constitutional rights to privacy and warranted search and seizure (Al-Marayati). In addition, the existing laws on terrorism find much contradiction to the provisions of the due process clause of the constitution. Unlike suspects of other crimes who enjoy their right to a legal counsel as well as speedy trail, victims of terrorism suspicion do not. Anti-terrorism laws allow for the putting terrorists suspects in custody for long period before taking them to court (Pew Research Center 35). In addition, the laws allows for deporting of terrorism suspect without giving them opportunity for a court trail. All these contradictions of the constitutional rights against the defendants of terrorism are inhuman, a factor which significantly affect the Muslim Americans for being the main victims of terrorist suspects in the nation. Another effect of the war on terrorism on Muslim Americans is increased social stigmatization and discrimination in the local community. Terrorism threats remain one of the most feared security threats among citizens of the United States. On the other hand, the population has been overwhelmed by the claim that Muslims are the major perpetuators of these dangerous activities. Due to this perception Muslim Americans find limited appreciation by other members in the social and economic fronts of the community (Pew Research Center 49). Such are no doubt a negation of their constitutional right to equal opportunity in the US. This can also be seen as a source of violence and hatred against this minority group. Some opponents of the war on terrorism claim of its effects in compromising commitment of the Muslim believer to effectively practice their religion. The enforcement of anti-terrorism laws in American has limited the ability of the Muslim Americans to engage in charitable works; a crucial religious requirement in the Islamic faith. According to the laws, transferring large sums of money to other nations by Muslims should involve verification from the law enforcement (Shah). Still, these members find much government resistance to engage in organized group contributions to help fellow Muslims in poor nations. It is worth noting that the threat posed on Muslim Americans by the war on terrorism is to be blamed for the reluctance by some members to fully commit to the faith to avoid harassment. Muslim Americans before/after 9/11 vs. Japanese Americans after WWI The relationship between the western and the Middle East has never been without conflict. However, such were not evidently affecting the social and economic aspects of Muslim American until the September 11th 2001 terrorist attacks in the US (Maira, and Jamal 26). This was due to the perception brought to the local against the Islamic community given the damage that was caused by the attack. On the other hand, the engagement of the government in intensive efforts to combat terrorism across the global is also to be blamed for worsening the lives of Muslim Americans (Menchik, and Payam). It is worthy appreciating that the war on terrorism has so far only identified members of Islamic community as the cause of threat to the community. Indeed, this relationship current problem facing Muslim Americans can be related to that of Japanese Americans during the WWI. According to historical information, Japan was perceived as a major enemy of the United States following their attack of an American submarine in the peril harbor (Arat 67). The information indicates that this attack was the driving force to America’s entering into the Second World War. Such enmity is no doubt evident from the later use of atomic bombs against the Japanese nation by the Americans during the WWII. Conclusion It has been established that the war on terrorism has negatively affected the Muslim American community. This is because it has led to the formulation and enforcement of laws which are discriminative to suspected or perceived members of terrorist groups. In addition, these laws have led to racial profiling and encouraged arrest of individual based of the principles of guilty by association. All these contradict the fundamental constitutional and universal human rights of terrorist suspects; most of who are Muslims.

Graduation Speech :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Tonight is a turning point in our lives. We've struggled through 12 longs years together to make it to this stadium -- to wear these ridiculous looking caps and gowns as our families watch us proudly. But tonight is more than just a ceremony, it is the closing of a chapter in our lives, the end of our public education. Our education has been a time of maturing, goal-setting and self-discovery. Mostly this has been positive. Time sure flies, so my parents say, but I think it's been a long 12 years -- 13 if you count kindergarten when our parents first put us on that big yellow school bus. As time passed, we discovered that school wasn't so bad. We learned reading, writing, arithmetic, and of course, our most scholarly class: recess. Junior high was another story. We were very eager to discover ourselves and to mature -- perhaps too eager. Above all, we learned to think a lot about ourselves and not much about anything else. High school has been a time of self-discovery for all of us. Suddenly, in high school we got responsibility -- more than we wanted. We balanced jobs, sports, family, friends, and of course, homework. We also found ourselves busy with school assignments -- chasing down butterflies for our biology insect collections, parallel parking the family car for driver's ed., going to the library to actually do research and pulling all-nighters to write our term papers. It is not surprising that by the middle of 12th grade we began to develop a little syndrome -- sometimes referred to as senioritous. However, we managed to trudge through the last part of this year to achieve the dream and goal that we've worked so hard for. High school has really been about setting goals and accomplishing them. As this chapter closes in our lives, it gives way for the opening of many more chapters to come; all of which will bring new challenges. Accomplishing our dreams is what gives meaning to life. The poet Carl Sandburg said, "Nothing happens unless first a dream.

Loneliness: An Interpretation

The poem, â€Å"Loneliness† by Laura Cortes talks about the universal experience of loneliness. The poem narrates the experience of a man who lives in the highlands and whose business is growing apples. The first stanza provides the background of the man and the setting. In the poem, the man lives in a stone house in the mountains. Literally, this means that the man has built his house in the highlands or in a farm where he grows apples. The house is said to be surrounded by memories and ghosts, making it an old house.This denotes that some people used to live in the house, and once shared memories but now they have either left (serve as â€Å"memories†) or passed away (â€Å"ghosts†). The second stanza expresses the man’s situation. He is alone and has no one to talk to. In his lonely times he talks to the trees. The line, â€Å"but he would never leave them alone† (8) means that although the apples cannot reply, the man never leaves them and keeps on speaking to them. It also states how long the apples have lived. Since the apples have been around for forty years, the man is probably in his 60s or 70s.The third stanza depicts the life of the man. During his youth he had forty hands or twenty men helping him. During that time he had wonderful harvests that made him wealthy. This could likewise be the peak of his career as a businessman, and the happiest time of his family life. The last line that says, â€Å"with the young and united family smiling† denotes the time when his children were young and the family was complete. The last stanza talks about what happens to the man after forty years. This time, both he and the apple trees are tired and old. The man is tired from life while the trees are tired from bearing fruits.Both of them are thus tired from the harvests they made but they still look forward to another harvest, another season that will soon come. Figuratively, the central idea of the poem is expressed throu gh a metaphor. The man in the poem is indirectly compared to his apple trees. Symbolically, the apples, with their fresh scent, represent the man’s youth and life. Like the apple trees that have their peak harvest, the man also experiences the peak of his life, but just like the apples that grow old and wither with time, the man reaches old age and becomes solitary.As stated in the first stanza, he lives in a house of stone amid the mountains. The stone house reflects his wealth and stature, while the mountains could represent the solitude and loneliness he suffers from. There is semblance between him and the apple trees. Like the apple trees which are once bountiful in harvest, the man in his youth used to have everything, a nice house, a happy and united family, a stable business as represented by the forty hands that help him. However, as expressed in the second stanza, he is alone now, and has no one to talk to but his trees.In the third stanza, the man’s family is described as a â€Å"united family† during his youth, which suggests that now his loved ones are gone, they have either left him and moved to another place, or have passed away. This mainly causes the man to feel lonely. The last stanza expresses the tiredness and oldness of both the man and the apples. Again, the comparison is expressed between their present condition and their waiting for the next harvest. The â€Å"harvest† in the last line could mean not only the harvesting of apples but the coming of a new season, a new life which is beyond the life he has lived on earth.

How Can Teachers Use Theories and Findings from...

How can teachers use theories and findings from developmental psychology to inform classroom practise. Teachers can use theories and findings from developmental psychology to improve the quality of learning that takes place within the classroom by changing the learning methods and social conditions that typify an educational classroom. This essay will attempt to show that although there are many psychological ideas that have theorised and researched different ways to educate; the most successful of these are drawn from Experiential learning. The vast scope of research on child development within developmental psychology forbids a full dissection of all key theorists in this brief essay; therefore I have limited the theoretical discussion†¦show more content†¦Experiential learning is also used to describe learning that arises through the self by reflection on everyday experience and interactions. The learning here is fostered within the learner rather than from an external force. The two understandings of experiential learning progresses Experiential learning from the humanist ic camp to a learning that can arguably be used by all teachers. If Experiential learning is understood as direct experience with material studied, Rogers notes that the educator which he terms facilitator can provide learning resources from within his own experience (Rogers cited in Kirschenbaum et al:1989:p327.) In a humanist or holistic school or educational setting this would stem from the precondition of pedagogy noted above, as providing resources from personal experience obliges the facilitator to have a trusting relationship with their students. In humanistic schools such as Summer Hill, although most teachers are qualified they state the requirements to be ‘ for somebody who will be adaptable, genuinely interested in the school philosophy, and is a nice person (www.summerhillschool.co.uk.) This completely flies in the face of mainstream schooling where teachers are always university trained and specialised, implying that their academic specialisation is brought to the classroom, rather than themselves. However this does not mean that in a non-humanistic school, teachers are unable to provide resources from within theirShow MoreRelatedCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesIntroduction Using this Manual Planning Your Approach Designing the Teaching Scheme A Guide to Using the Work Assignments A Guide to Using the Case Studies Strategy Lenses The Exploring Strategy Website A Guide to Using the Video Material Exploring Strategy Teachers’ Workshops Teaching Notes for Student Work Assignments Case Study Teaching Notes 6 7 8 8 12 19 20 25 27 27 28 28 29 Chapters 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Introducing Strategy The Environment Strategic Capabilities StrategicRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesdifferent institutional arenas: the academic, of course, but also those of the profession and the wider public sphere. Ever helpful to regulators, the senior civil service, and international agencies, Michael Bromwich is respected for the ways in which he can combine conceptual understandings with pragmatic insights. He has been sought out to provide that extra element of conceptual clarity for the most complex of practical accounting endeavours. No doubt such abilities reflect Michael’s early grounding